Composite nationalism, at its core, represents the idea that the Indian nation is a mosaic of various cultures, religions, and communities. It rejects the notion of a singular, monolithic identity and instead celebrates the pluralistic nature of Indian society. This concept gained prominence during the struggle for independence, as leaders sought to forge a united front against the common enemy – British colonialism.

One of the key architects of composite nationalism was Mahatma Gandhi, whose philosophy of non-violence and religious inclusivity became the bedrock of the Indian National Congress. Gandhi’s vision extended beyond political independence; he envisioned a harmonious society where Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, and people of all faiths could coexist with mutual respect and understanding. His emphasis on ‘Sarvodaya’ or the welfare of all reflected the spirit of composite nationalism, urging Indians to rise above religious and caste divisions.

The partition of India in 1947, leading to the creation of Pakistan, tested the resilience of composite nationalism. The communal violence and mass migrations that accompanied the partition threatened the fabric of religious harmony. However, leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru continued to champion the idea of a secular and inclusive India in the face of challenges.

The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, solidified the principles of composite nationalism. It enshrined the values of equality, liberty, and fraternity, providing a framework that transcended religious affiliations. The idea of a secular state, where individuals were free to practice and profess their religions without fear of discrimination, became a guiding principle.

Post-independence, India witnessed the emergence of a vibrant democracy where people from diverse backgrounds participated in the nation-building process. The linguistic reorganization of states in the 1950s was a testament to the accommodation of regional aspirations within the framework of composite nationalism. While languages became a basis for state boundaries, the overarching national identity remained paramount.

The 1990s saw challenges to the idea of composite nationalism with the rise of identity politics and communal tensions. However, the democratic ethos prevailed, and the Indian state continued to uphold the principles of pluralism and inclusivity. The resilience of composite nationalism was evident in the ability of the Indian society to absorb and integrate diverse cultural, linguistic, and religious expressions.

In contemporary India, the concept of composite nationalism remains relevant as the nation navigates complex social, political, and economic challenges. The inclusive vision of leaders like B.R. Ambedkar, who fought against caste discrimination, and the ongoing efforts to address issues of social justice underscore the commitment to a nation that embraces its diversity.

In conclusion, composite nationalism stands as a defining feature of India’s historical narrative. It represents the collective aspiration of a diverse population to forge a shared identity that transcends divisions. As India continues its journey, the principles of composite nationalism remain crucial in fostering unity, diversity, and the spirit of a truly inclusive nation.

1. What does the concept of composite nationalism in India emphasize?
   1. A) The dominance of a singular cultural identity
   1. B) The celebration of religious exclusivity
   1. C) The unity of diverse cultures, religions, and communities
   1. D) The promotion of linguistic homogeneity
2. Who among the historical figures is highlighted as a key architect of composite nationalism in the passage?
   1. A) Jawaharlal Nehru
   1. B) B.R. Ambedkar
   1. C) Mahatma Gandhi
   1. D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
3. Which event tested the resilience of composite nationalism in India, according to the passage?
   1. A) The adoption of the Constitution in 1950
   1. B) The linguistic reorganization of states in the 1950s
   1. C) The partition of India in 1947
   1. D) The rise of identity politics in the 1990s
4. What guiding principle is attributed to Mahatma Gandhi in the context of composite nationalism?
   1. A) The promotion of violence for political gain
   1. B) The welfare of all, irrespective of religious affiliations
   1. C) The establishment of a theocratic state
   1. D) The imposition of a monolithic cultural identity
5. Which constitutional value solidified the principles of composite nationalism in post-independence India?
   1. A) Autocracy
   1. B) Theocracy
   1. C) Secularism
   1. D) Oligarchy

Answers:

1. C) The unity of diverse cultures, religions, and communities
2. C) Mahatma Gandhi
3. C) The partition of India in 1947
4. B) The welfare of all, irrespective of religious affiliations
5. C) Secularism

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The post English for CLAT : Practice Passage #18 appeared first on ForumCLAT Academy.

The advent of AI has been a double-edged sword. On one flank, it promises unparalleled efficiency, the ability to parse through and analyze vast troves of data, and the automation of mundane, repetitive tasks. This, in turn, can liberate the human intellect to pursue more creative and strategic pursuits, fostering an environment where human ingenuity is used to its fullest potential. Jobs that require a high degree of creativity, emotional intelligence, and strategic thinking are likely to see a surge, as these remain domains where human capabilities distinctly outshine algorithmic computations.

On the other flank, however, lurks the specter of significant job displacement. As AI systems become increasingly sophisticated, they will inevitably encroach upon and excel in tasks that have traditionally been the preserve of humans. This is not just limited to menial or routine jobs; even roles that require complex decision-making are not immune to AI’s reach. The result is a potential upheaval in the job market, with certain skill sets becoming obsolete, forcing a swath of the workforce to reorient and retrain themselves in an AI-dominated landscape.

The next decade is likely to see a polarizing effect on employment due to AI. High-skill individuals may find their value augmented by AI, as they leverage these advancements to enhance their productivity and creative output. Conversely, workers with skills that AI can replicate or surpass may find themselves on precarious ground, necessitating a fundamental reevaluation of their role in a rapidly evolving job market. The necessity of lifelong learning and adaptability becomes paramount, as the half-life of skills shortens in the face of relentless technological progression.

Moreover, the integration of AI into the workforce raises pertinent questions about economic disparities and access to employment opportunities. The risk of a widened gap between the “AI-haves” and “AI-have-nots” is palpable, potentially exacerbating existing socioeconomic disparities. This necessitates thoughtful policy interventions aimed at ensuring that the benefits of AI are equitably distributed and that the transition towards an AI-centric workforce does not leave segments of the population disenfranchised.

The AI revolution will likely catalyze a significant restructuring of the job market, demanding a reconfiguration of skills, roles, and economic policies. Navigating this transformation will require a concerted effort from all stakeholders – governments, educational institutions, businesses, and individuals. It is imperative that we brace for this change, not with trepidation, but with a resolve to harness AI’s potential for the greater good, ensuring that its ascent serves to uplift, rather than destabilize, the fabric of our employment landscape.

Questions

1. According to the passage, what is a potential positive outcome of the advancement of AI in the workforce?

a) The complete automation of all jobs

b) Increased efficiency and liberation of human intellect for creative tasks

c) The reduction in the need for human employment

d) The ability of AI to completely replace human emotional intelligence

2. What does the passage imply about low-skill jobs in the era of AI?

a) They will become more valuable and sought after

b) They are at risk of being replaced by AI

c) They will remain unchanged

d) They will be the only jobs available to humans

3. The passage suggests that the integration of AI in the workforce will necessitate:

a) The abandonment of all traditional jobs

b) A fundamental reevaluation of certain roles and the necessity for retraining

c) The complete dependency on AI for all creative work

d) The refusal to adopt AI in certain sectors

4. What concern does the passage raise about the socio-economic impact of AI?

 a) The inevitable decline in global economies

b) The possibility of widening the gap between different segments of society

c) The uniform benefit of AI across all socio-economic classes

d) The increase of economic disparities

5. What does the term “AI-haves” and “AI-have-nots” in the passage refer to?

a) Different types of AI technologies

b) Segments of the population with or without access to AI enhancements

c) Government policies on AI

d) Companies that produce AI versus those that do not

6. What does the phrase “inexorable march” (as used in the passage) mean?

a) A celebratory parade

b) A slow and steady progression

c) An unstoppable advance

d) A strategic retreat

Answers

1-b, 2-b, 3-b, 4-b, 5-b, 6-c

The post English for CLAT: Practice Passage #12 appeared first on ForumCLAT Academy.

In the CLAT 2025 English section will command about 20% of the marks. In fact, proficiency in English would be key to about 65% of the marks as we discussed in a previous post. With a proper preparation, it shouldn’t be very difficult to get 20+ marks in English section. As an added advantage, this preparation will help you with Legal and Logical too.

So, what should you read to get that advantage? First let us discuss the syllabus given by the Consortium on its website.

Syllabus of English for CLAT 2025

In this section of the UG-CLAT 2024, you will be provided passages of about 450 words each. These passages will be derived from contemporary or historically significant fiction and non-fiction writing, and would be of a standard that a 12th standard student may be able to read in about 5-7 minutes.

Each passage will be followed by a series of questions that will require you to demonstrate your comprehension and language skills, including your abilities to:

• Read and comprehend the main point discussed in the passage, as well as any arguments and viewpoints discussed or set out in the passage;
• Draw inferences and conclusions based on the passage;
• Summarise the passage;
• Compare and contrast the different arguments or viewpoints set out in the passage; and
• Understand the meaning of various words and phrases in the context that they are used in the passage.

So what exactly do we have to do to master this section? Let us first see the parts that make up this section.

Skills required to ace English in CLAT 2025

If you see the syllabus above and analyse, you will see that there are essentially 4 different skills required to ace English in CLAT 2025: –

1. First, you should have a good reading speed. That is a non-negotiable skill for CLAT. A speed of at least 150 words per minute is desirable.
2. Second, you should be able to comprehend and summarize the main points.
3. Third, you need to have a good vocabulary. They do ask meanings of words and phrases and you should be well prepared for that.
4. Fourth, you need to have good command over grammar. Although, they have not asked grammar questions till now, but they might in upcoming exams. Plus, this might help you in OLETs.

Proven strategies to ace English section in CLAT 2025

As I mentioned earlier, you can take some actions to improve your score in English section of CLAT. So, what are those strategies? Let us go according to the skills discussed above.

Improving reading speed

This is perhaps the most important thing you could do to increase your chances of selection in CLAT. How to do it ? I have some practical and effective tips below : –

• Firstly, you need to STOP VOCALISING while reading. Most students speak while they read. This limits the reading speed to your speed of speech! In reality, you can read much faster. This is one of the biggest steps you can take to improve reading speed, that too almost instantaneously.
• Secondly, USE A PEN/PENCIL/FINGER to point where you are reading. This serves two purposes. First, you read more closely. Secondly, you are less likely to get lost and drown in a lot of text.
• Thirdly, PRACTICE reading as much as you can. Do this every day, and vary your subjects. Newspaper provides you an opportunity to read various kinds of texts. Use that. If you read books, even better. In fact, I would provide a list of books if required. Connect with me on this whatsapp group(click here).
• Lastly, measure your progress. Measure your speed before you do any of the above. Then measure afterwards every week. You will see tremendous improvement from the first day itself.

Improving Comprehension

Comprehension means you understand the topic correctly and may be able to summarize its main points. Without it, your English section in CLAT 2025 is not getting solved! Sometimes, increase in reading speed impacts comprehension/ However, there are ways in which you can improve this skill: –

• Firstly, you need to read actively. What does that mean? You are aware of the basic questions : what, when, why, where, who, how etc. Use these questions to engage with the passage so that it makes sense to you.
• Secondly, underline wherever you get answers to above questions, underline in your question paper. That helps because now you do not have to reread after reading question!
• Thirdly, practice a variety of questions. Did I tell you that we provide daily CLAT practice passages on our whatsapp group(click here)?

Improving vocabulary

There are direct questions from vocabulary in the CLAT exam. Sometimes, they ask about phrases and their contextual meaning. To improve this aspect:-

• Firstly, get a book called Word Power Made Easy. That would help you not only for CLAT, but for any future exams that requires English. I read this book a decade ago and have recommended the same to hundreds of students over the years. Do this book religiously.
• Secondly, DO NOT do any flash cards or apps or anything. If you do step 1, you will know why.
• Thirdly, read a lot. Read fiction or non-fiction, but you will inevitably encounter some new words and phrases. Look them up. Do not note down in a copy. As you come across that same word again and again, you will automatically remember it.

Improving Grammar

To be honest, this is not much important for CLAT exam. But it can’t hurt to know grammar. I have a single point solution here : Get Wren and Martin and do that once. That should be sufficient.

Cheat Codes

Now, sometimes despite our best efforts the exam day is hard. Paper might be tough and we might need some help. So below are some tips in case you face issues during English section of CLAT: –

• The conclusion is usually found in the last or second last para of the passage. So, if you are in a hurry, start there to find the conclusion. Usually works around 70% of the times. Sometimes, it is in the first or second lines of the passage. So, keep that in mind.
• If you are very short on time and have to choose which questions to attempt, try attempting those related to vocabulary and meaning of phrases. Those usually do not need the reading of passage and thus can be done quickly.

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The post CLAT 2025 English section: Proven Strategies to Maximize Your Score appeared first on ForumCLAT Academy.